A virtual private network (VPN) is a mechanism for creating a secure connection between a computing device and a computer network, or between two networks, using an insecure communication medium such as the public Internet. It can extend access to a private network (one that disallows or restricts public access) to users who do not have direct access to it, such as an office network allowing secure access from off-site over the Internet. The benefits of a VPN include security, reduced costs for dedicated communication lines, and greater flexibility for remote workers. A VPN is created by establishing a virtual point-to-point connection through the use of tunneling protocols over existing networks. A VPN available from the public Internet can provide some of the benefits of a private wide area network (WAN).
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In SSH tunneling or SSH port forwarding, an encrypted SSH connection is created between a client and server -- or a local and remote host. Services ports can be relayed through this connection. SSH gets a service request from the client machine and creates a connection to communicate that request to the server machine. The client's request is decrypted and then sent to the server. SSH tunneling can only be used if both the client and server have SSH set up. SSH tunneling is commonly used to go through firewalls. System administrators (sys admins) -- and cyberattackers -- use ZiG SSH servers to open backdoors into the internal network from remote locations.
Is any computer connected to a network. It can provide information, applications or services to other hosts or nodes on the network. Some examples include, but are not limited to, computers, personal electronic devices, thin clients, and multi-functional devices. On a TCP/IP network, each host has a number that, together with a network identity, forms its own unique IP address. In the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, protocols in the transport layer, also known as Layer 4, are responsible for communication between hosts. They use various protocols to communicate, including transmission control protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
A hostname is a plaintext name identifying a host in a given domain. On a local area network (LAN), a server’s hostname might be a nickname like mailserver1. On the internet, a hostname makes up part of a web address and has three parts: the subdomain, domain name and top-level domain.
Is a communication protocol and free and open-source software that implements encrypted virtual private networks (VPNs), and was designed with the goals of ease of use, high speed performance, and low attack surface. It aims to be smaller and better performing than IPsec and OpenVPN, two common tunneling protocols. The WireGuard protocol passes traffic over UDP
HTTP is unidirectional where the client sends the request and the server sends the response. Let’s take an example when a user sends a request to the server this request goes in the form of HTTP or HTTPS, after receiving a request server send the response to the client, each request is associated with a corresponding response, after sending the response the connection gets closed, each HTTP or HTTPS request establish the new connection to the server every time and after getting the response the connection gets terminated by itself. HTTP is a stateless protocol that runs on top of TCP which is a connection-oriented protocol it guarantees the delivery of data packet transfer using the three-way handshaking methods and re-transmits the lost packets. HTTP can run on top of any reliable connection-oriented protocol such as TCP, SCTP. When a client sends an HTTP request to the server, a TCP connection is open between the client and server and after getting the response the TCP connection gets terminated, each HTTP request opens a separate TCP connection to the server, for e.g. if the client sends 10 requests to the server the 10 separate TCP connection will be opened. and get closed after getting the response/fallback. HTTP message information encoded in ASCII, each HTTP request message composed HTTP protocol version(HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2), HTTP methods (GET/POST, etc.), HTTP headers (content type, content length), host information, etc. and the body which contain the actual message which is being transferred to the server. HTTP headers varied from 200 bytes to 2 KB in size, the common size of HTTP header is 700-800 bytes. 8 a web application uses more cookies and other tools at the client-side that expand storage features of the agent it reduces the HTTP header payload.
WebSocket is bidirectional, a full-duplex protocol that is used in the same scenario of client-server communication, unlike HTTP it starts from ws:// or wss://. It is a stateful protocol, which means the connection between client and server will keep alive until it is terminated by either party (client or server). After closing the connection by either of the client and server, the connection is terminated from both ends. Let’s take an example of client-server communication, there is the client which is a web browser and a server, whenever we initiate the connection between client and server, the client-server made the handshaking and decide to create a new connection and this connection will keep alive until terminated by any of them. When the connection is established and alive the communication takes place using the same connection channel until it is terminated. This is how after client-server handshaking, the client-server decide on a new connection to keep it alive, this new connection will be known as WebSocket. Once the communication link establishment and the connection are opened, message exchange will take place in bidirectional mode until connection persists between client-server. If anyone of them (client-server) dies or decide to close the connection is closed by both of the party. The way in which socket works is slightly different from how HTTP works, the status code 101 denotes the switching protocol in WebSocket.
A **VPN protocol** is the set of instructions that your VPN app uses to set up, secure, and govern your connection to a VPN server. OpenVPN is a **VPN protocol** that has no known weaknesses and is effective at bypassing certain online censorship methods. OpenVPN also has the advantage of being supported on a huge range of platforms and devices.
V2Ray as a toolbox, packed with neat tricks for sneaking past internet blocks, and VMess is the ace up its sleeve. VMess is all about secret handshakes between your device and the server, wrapped up in encryption. Think of it as a digital bouncer, checking IDs (or in this case, UUIDs) to keep your data safe. What’s cool about VMess is that it needs both your device and the server to be in sync, time-wise. It’s like they’re both showing up for a secret meeting at exactly the right moment. VMess is like your personal online bodyguard, keeping your data under a cloak of encryption. It’s not just about keeping things secret; it’s about making sure they’re only seen by the right eyes. Each connection in VMess is authenticated with UUIDs, unique digital IDs, ensuring that the data handshake is exclusive and secure. **V2Ray VMess** is like a chameleon, adapting to your needs. Whether you’re a tech wizard or just dipping your toes in the world of online privacy, VMess adjusts to your level. It’s like having a security system that you can tweak to your comfort — from high-level encryption for the privacy pros to more accessible settings for the newcomers. In a nutshell, V2Ray VMess isn’t just another VPN protocol. It’s a smart, adaptable way to keep your online life private and secure, giving you the freedom to explore the internet without worry.
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